Chad Anderson, CSCS

Tabata Protocol

Tabata training is based on the 1996 study by Tabata et al. In the study, subjects were prescribed an exercise protocol that consisted of brief bouts (20 seconds in duration) of high intensity exercise (~170% VO2 Max) followed by short rests intervals (10 seconds in duration) and repeated for 4 minutes. Subjects were trained on a cycle ergometer. The training protocol resulted in a 7ml.kg-1.min-1 increase in VO2 max and a 28% improvement in anaerobic capacity. These results are significant because a simultaneous increase in VO2 and anaerobic capacity are not typical of traditional endurance training. Also significant was the fact that these results were achieved with a lower volume of training than would be required for traditional endurance training.

Tabatas and Fat Loss

Another benefit of the Tabata Protocol, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in general, is its ability to induce fat loss. When compared to traditional cardio training, HIIT is more effective at burning fat when adjusted for volume. In other words, when the volume is work is equal between HIIT and traditional cardio, HIIT results in more fat loss.

Applications

Although the original protocol was performed on a cycle ergometer, there have been many adaptations of this style of training. It has been used with bodyweight circuits, calisthenics, traditional resistance exercises, complex exercises (multiple exercises performed as one continuous movement), sprinting, and more. While reaching an intensity of 170% VO2 (as in the study) may not always occur with these other methods, empirical evidence suggests these adaptions of the Tabata protocol are still highly effective.

Sample Tabatas

Here are some sample Tabatas I like to use. Incorporate them into your workout routine. Keep in mind that effort needs to be all out on the work sets in order for them to be effective.

Sample #1: 4-Exercise Bodyweight Tabata

A1) Squat Thrust – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds
A2) Split Squat Jump – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds
A3) Mixed Thrusters – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds
A4) High Knees – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds

After A4, you would repeat the circuit one more time without resting (total of 4 minutes).

Sample #2: 2-Exercise Bodyweight Tabata

B1) Burpees – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds
B2) Mountain Climbers – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds

After B2, you would repeat the circuit three more times (total of 4 minutes).

Sample #3: Sprint Tabata

C1) Sprint – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds
C2) Incline Sprint (3% grade) – 20 seconds
Rest 10 seconds

After C2, you would repeat the circuit three more times (total of 4 minutes).

Sources

• Impact of exercise intensity on body fatness and skeletal muscle metabolism. Metabolism. 1994 Jul;43(7):814-8.
• The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Apr;32(4):684-91. Epub 2008 Jan 15.
• Effects of moderate-intensity endurance and high-intensity intermittent training on anaerobic capacity and VO2max. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Oct;28(10):1327-30.
• High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss. J Obes. 2011; 2011: 868305.